Creating Stereoscopic 3D Images

The business building.

Red/Cyan

This is a view from under my loft bed.

Red/Cyan

This one was challenging because it was a selfie.

Red/Cyan

Red/Cyan

Red/Cyan (You might need to click on this gif to see the animation.)

Recreating Lights and Cameras in Maya

If I have an enemy, it's Maya.  If there's something I have never been able to understand in Maya, it's lighting.

I couldn't figure out how to make the lights fade correctly, or to have blurred instead of hard edges, but I feel I got rather close with all of the other aspects.  My favorite to do was the green light widget, and I think I got the closest with that reproduction.

 

Building a Scene in Maya

No extra lighting

1-pt lighting

2-pt lighting

3-pt lighting

Special Effects in Animation and Live-Action

My first two term paper scores were 90 and 85; I will not be writing a third term paper.

Outline for the Third Term Paper

Special Effect: Fire shapes

Movies: The Hunger Games, Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix

Introduction: In the movies, The Hunger Games and Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix there are fire shapes.  I say “shapes” because in The Hunger Games the shape is a sphere (fire ball), and in Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix the shape is a snake.

The Hunger Games technique: There is already a forest fire around Katniss Everdeen, the heroine, which doesn’t look all that real.  Just knowing that shooting a fireball at an actor is unlikely, I can assume that the fireballs in this scene was computer animated. 

Success?: With the combination of a handheld camera and an ample amount of cuts, the fireballs look more real than the forest fire, but still seems a little bit copy-pasted.  For the second fireball in particular was very quick, but showed the fireball almost hitting Katniss.  However, it shows this a few times, and since the audience already knows that there was only one fireball for this bit it seems that the director chose to have several angles of this fireball, which is confusing for the viewer.  I think it is successful in the sense that the audience knows that these are dangerous fireballs, but it is not in the sense of realism.

Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix technique: When Albus Dumbledore and Voldemort are fighting in the Ministry of Magic, Voldemort conjures a huge amount of fire, which shapes into a rearing snake, then explodes.  This was certainly done with computer animation.

Success?: I think that this was done very well and convincingly, except for how nobody even gets slightly charred when the snake explodes. The snake is not actually shown in too many shots with the actual actors, which really helps, I think, for the audience to believe it, because whenever computer animation and live actors are together, the ability to juxtapose the two and determine realism is a lot easier.  The actors are in enough shots, however, for the snake not to seem fake.

Conclusion: I definitely think that Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix did a better job at playing with fire than The Hunger Games, but both were done well enough for the stories to get across.

Stop-Motion Character Animation

I worked on a team with Jasmine Truong and Maria Prada.  Jasmine was in charge of the camera and drew the majority of the background, and Maria moved the blue character.  Maria let us film at her house and provided the equipment.  We all worked on the ending "curtains" (Jasmine's cool idea) and the word "Fin."  I moved the tan character, and edited and scored the animation.

Science Fact or Cinematic Fiction?

            Movies and television shows are usually made for profit.  For movies, people are going to purchase tickets to escape for around two hours, but they need to choose a movie to see.  For television, people will simply change channels if they do not care to stare at a certain show, so they choose the show they watch.  Generally, people are not movie-critic-physicists.  It follows that the movies and television shows people buy tickets for, or hang around to see, do not require accurate physics (unless, of course, the focus of the story was physics).  This could be because of budget, editing, or just for emotional or comedic reasons.  In The Avengers, Zoolander, and Ben 10, the jumps do not respond correctly to the Law of Acceleration.

            In The Avengers, title characters from a few blockbusters such as Iron Man, Thor, and Captain America, are in a single movie.  Naturally, The Avengers resulted in Paramount Pictures drowning in money.  I liked the movie a lot, but I only saw it once.  For this paper, I looked at some scenes again, and realized that I had not noticed how much I had ignored and how much I had not noticed.  For example, there is a fight between Iron Man and Thor in a forest, and aside from a tree I noticed had evaporated, I also noticed that when Captain America jumps from a tree to stop Thor and Iron Man’s skirmish, he does this without any weight gain from the push off of the tree.  In fact, the tree stays unmoved, and looks very disconnected from Captain America.  It feels like the two entities were filmed at different times.  The Law of Acceleration, Part 1 video puts it as, “Objects always change their velocity in the direction of the unbalanced force” (Garcia).  The Law of Acceleration, one of the Laws of Motion, asserts that something like gravity (an unbalanced force) would draw a falling entity down.  For the wide arc that Captain America makes to hop the dozens of feet to the dirt, he should have bent his knees a little more, and leaned forward more.  Also because of this wide arc, Captain America is in the air before falling, longer than he should be.  To jump over the tree, Captain America should have had a higher arc, not a wider one.  Especially for someone who is a superhero, the tree should have shaken a little for the jump that Captain America made.  Perhaps the tree was super, too, though.

            A movie I find super, Zoolander, there is another incorrect jump.  Derek Zoolander, portrayed by Ben Stiller, is a male model, and the evil designer Mugatu, portrayed by Will Ferrell, brainwashes him.  Zoolander is being brainwashed as a sleeper agent to murder a Prime Minister at a fashion show, and during training, Zoolander jumps over the dummy Prime Minister.  His air flip is in three cuts.  The arcs of each do not fit together.  The jump off of the runway has a different arc from the air flip, and the air flip has a different arc from the landing.  When the scene cuts mid-landing, Zoolander alights too lightly.  The Law of Acceleration would make gravity affect Zoolander here much more than it actually did.  The second part of the jump is in slow motion, which is most likely how I had not noticed the strange landing previous to reanalyzing as it was not as much juxtaposition.  It also seems like Ben Stiller’s stunt double was shot at another time, based on how close he is in his arc to the Prime Minister dummy and it makes Zoolander’s jump feel disjointed.  For a character with “lander” in his name, Zoolander should land more accurately!

            In another land, the land of Ben 10, a television show on Cartoon Network, there are several incorrect responses to the Law of Acceleration.  I observed the aforementioned incorrect responses in the first episode.  In the error-filled scene, Ben transforms into an eyeless, orange alien on four feet, and then jumps away from his sister.  He first jumps onto a recreational vehicle, which jostles a little bit.  When Ben jumps off of this, the trailer does not move at all.  It should have shaken as it was established that it was able to be jostled just a second or two earlier.  It also should have shaken from the weight gain of Ben’s jump’s takeoff.  He lands in front of his sister, who does not shake, but the “camera” through which the audience looks shakes from Ben’s landing.  Ben then hops deeper into the forest, probably because his sister promises to tell on him.  However, Ben has one very odd jump, which changes its arc near the end of the takeoff, and takes too long for Ben to land.  The Law of Acceleration would have had Ben land sooner due to gravity being the unbalanced force that it is.  Instead, it took longer to land than it did to get to the apex.  This jump was fairly disappointing.

            Despite disappointing physics, I still paid to see The Avengers, Zoolander, and Ben 10, in all of which the jumps do not respond correctly to the Law of Acceleration.  I am a bit sad to see so many errors in one scene of The Avengers, because I did like the film a lot when I saw it.  I still like The Avengers, but it lost a small amount of credit in my mind after reanalysis.  Ben 10 seemed to have lazy animation in the scene that I watched.  Perhaps it is because it was the first episode, or maybe there was not enough money, et cetera, but there were errors upon errors in the physics, perspective, and consistency.  I did not have negative reactions for all of the things I watched, though.  I think that because it is a comedy, I am most ok with the physics in Zoolander.  I will jump to pay closer attention to the physics when I watch movies and television, now!

WORKS CITED

Garcia, Alejandro, dir. The Law of Acceleration, Part 1. 2013. Film. 20 Mar 2014. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mwC4zcNVtyo>.

Industrial Light and Magic/Disney Family Museum

Yesterday I went to Industrial Light and Magic for a Women in Animation talk!  It was really cool hearing the panel consisting of Brenda Chapman, Jenny Lerew, Lorelay Bove, and Claire Keane!

We even went to the Disney Family Museum afterwards to get autographs from them:

 Totally worth it!

Outline for the Second Term Paper

Science Fact or Cinematic Fiction?

Thesis: In The Avengers, Zoolander, and Ben 10, the jumps do not respond correctly to the Law of Acceleration

The Avengers: When Captain America jumps at from a tree to stop Thor and Iron Man’s skirmish, he does this without any weight gain for the push off of the tree, and then lands too lightly for someone gravity should affect.  When Thor jumps to attack Captain America right afterwards, Thor does not have a correct parabola, and gravity also does not act upon him as the Law of Acceleration says it should.

Worth mentioning: About 35 minutes left, Thor lands from hundreds of feet up, but the ground doesn’t even crack

Zoolander: When Derek Zoolander is being brainwashed as a sleeper agent to murder a Prime Minister at a fashion show, he jumps over the dummy Prime Minister during training.  His air flip here seems accurate/plausible, but when the scene cuts to Derek landing, it is too light.

Ben 10: When Ben is an orange alien, he jumps away from his sister unresponsive to the Law of Acceleration.

Reverse Video Reference

Watch my dramatic dancing!

And my pretentious pointing!

And my clowning capabilities!

And my cool Courtney!

Sstop Motion Animation of Falling

I used an iPhone holder and clipped it onto the top of a desk for my downshooter, and then I mentally broke down the ball bounce positions and replaced it with a dog treat (but not before making sure the dogs were not aware of what I was doing).  I added a settle at the end.

The Laws of Physics in an Animation Universe

Up-normal Helium, Wind, and Masses

            Pixar lifted its company’s standards drastically with Up, which came out in 2009.  Up is a beautiful film with a wonderful story, and filled with unusual friendships.  However, it was also filled with oddities such as unusual helium, wind, and masses.  Originally, my disbelief was suspended enough, like the house lifted up by a thousand balloons in the movie, but when I re-examined Up, I saw how the physics were exaggerated.  I noticed a few physical artistic liberties, including how the balloons are powerful enough to bear a house’s weight, how there is hardly any wind at high altitudes, and how objects in general are lighter in Up’s world.

            The balloons in Up are incredibly affective at bearing weight.  Up’s world seems to have powerful helium, which would also imply that the air in Up is heavier.  In Up, about a thousand balloons are able to uproot the main character, Carl, a Boy Scout, Russell, and an entire house out of a neighborhood.  The balloons then float the aforementioned through a storm and to a cliff in Paradise Falls.  This means that the balloons must have had enough upward force to not only uproot a furniture-filled house and tear its piping, but also to have raised the house to at least the cliff’s altitude, and maintained this altitude.  This certainly could not actually occur, especially through a storm.  On a smaller scale, there is a scene approximately ten minutes in to Up, where Carl is at a balloon stand.  The balloons here start lifting up the balloon cart, which does not ever really happen.  It would also be impractical for there to be a balloon cart that, if it were ever untethered by its owner, would float away.  Just walking the cart outside for business would involve having one’s hands overhead with the floating cart.  Another instance of the amazing balloons is about halfway through Up, when the large fictional bird named Kevin is capable of guiding a house via a thin string around Paradise Falls.  Granted, Kevin’s bird species does not really exist, so her strength is debatable, but Kevin is not at all hindered in her speed by the large house.  The house is tugging upwards, and Kevin is tugging to the side.  There should at least be more evidence of centrifugal force on Kevin, or, if Kevin is that strong, on the house.  The most realism the balloons have in Up is when Carl has to empty the house to make it light again for flight.  This implies that the balloons do lose helium after a while, like in reality.   The balloons in Up must have an amount they can lift in Up’s world.  This amount is not realistic, but it is constant for Up. 

            A second inaccuracy with Up’s physics is that there is no wind at high altitudes.  When Carl and Russell are calmly heading to Paradise Falls before the storm at the first third of Up, the windows are all open and there is no evidence of any wind, even though the house is flying.  Planes do not have windows that open to the sky, for pressure reasons, et cetera, and yet Carl and Russell can discuss GPS machines with every window open.  Even when Carl is standing atop a zeppelin, his hair and clothes do not react much.  When cruising towards the aforementioned zeppelin and standing in the open window of Carl’s house, Russell’s fabrics hardly rustle as much as one would think.  Yet, in this same scene, there are enough air currents to speed the house along to the zeppelin.  Russell even manages to keep his baseball hat on for the entire movie, except for the scene in which he drops from the house around the end.  However, even this does not match up with how, in the beautifully done montage of Carl and Ellie’s life, Carl’s hat falls when he runs to Ellie down about ten feet of a hill.

            Lastly, objects in general are lighter in Up’s world.  When Carl’s future wife, Ellie, lands outside his window, she does so very lightly.  There is barely any sound of her alighting.  In Up’s midpoint, Carl can even tug his levitated house around with a harness made out of a hose.  Around the end of Up, Russell is tied up to a metal chair, and while there, slides down the ramp of a zeppelin very high up.  Russell does not tip over as one should expect, and Carl even catches Russell one-handed when he falls off the end of the ramp.  Not only does Carl do that, but he then lifts Russell and puts him into his house.  A retirement-aged man who needs a cane and who throws out his back with lifting said cane should not be capable of this.  Another example of how light objects in Up are, is when Carl, Russell, Kevin, and Dug, a golden retriever, file into Carl’s house from the airborne zeppelin.  Their added masses do not affect the house’s elevation at all.  They should have, seeing how much weight was affecting the house’s second take off, for which Carl had to empty his house earlier.  A final example of how light objects in Up are is when, while atop a high altitude zeppelin, Carl stops his house from falling off of the zeppelin just with his own strength and tugging on a typical watering hose.  As aforementioned, Carl requires a cane.  Yet, even after this feat, Carl attends a Boy Scout ceremony with ease.  Somehow, though, this movie was still incredible.

            Up was an awesome movie, but just as 2-dimensional cartoons of yore, the physics within this animation were not accurate.  First, the balloons in Up are capable of lifting much more than they should; second, there is basically no wind at high altitudes on moving zeppelins and floating houses; third, the objects in general are lighter in Up’s world.  These errors are strange from the standpoint of someone living in a real world, but the animators’ physics are only exaggerated, and, with the exception of the amount of wind, their formulas are consistent.  It is not as if the animators of Up left the physics completely “up in the air”.